Bacteria can transfer DNA in three ways.

Found in a single chromosome is most of Bacterium's DNA, which in a closed loop of DNA with associated proteins. Inside the cell that is tightly folded  lies a bacterial chromosome which is much longer than a cell. There are three mechanisms by which genes can move from one cell to another in the bacterial world; Transformation, Transduction, and Conjugation. Transformation is the update of foreign DNA from the surrounding environment. Providing the second means of bringing together genes of a different bacteria is Bacteriophage's. The physical union of cells and the DNA transfer between them is Conjugation (meaning united, from the Latin conjugates.) After new DNA gets inside a bacteria cell, by whatever mechanism, part of it could integrate into the recipients chromosome. The transfer of genetic material between bacteria has important medical consequences.







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